Lan mooy garaasu Crystal bu baax? {2

Jariñu kristal bu Oliwine dafay am xeetu orthorhombi bu wuute, di silikon {- tétrahedra (SiO₄) ñu ngi leen boole ci ay sition yu ñuy jëfandikoo ci oktake. Mën nañu xool structure boobu ni ab tëjukaayu hexagonal- pack ci atomu oxygen, ak genn-wàll void oktathedral yu fees dell ak magnesium wala ion wen ak benn- ci void tetrahedral yi ñu jël ci silicon.

Groupe oliwiine bi dafay kristalises ci sistemu kristal orthorhombic ci suufu grupu Pbnm (ñu ngi ko jagleel Pnma ci yeneen jekkal). Symétrie bu am solo bii dafay màndargaal ni atom yi di defaree seen bopp ci biir lattice kristal bi, ba noppi indi ci anam wi mineral bi di doxee.

Selul unit bi dafa am ñeenti formul (Z{ {0}) ba noppi di wane ñatti axes yu wuute yuy daje ci angle yu ndeyjoor yi. Ngir forsterit (Mg‐SiO₄), parametru latti yi ñuy jëfandikoo dañuy nuru {{2} Å Å Å Å Å, b= 10.20 Å, ak c= 5.98 Å . Ci fayalite (Fe‐SiO₄), parametre yooyu dañuy yaatu tuuti ba ci= 4.82 Å Å, b Å Å Å, b= 10.48 Å, ak c= 6.09 Å ndax rayon ionic bu gëna mag buñu koy méngale ak magnesium.

Li ñuy wax ci grupu Pbnm dafay wane ay detay yu am solo ci wàllu structure. Groupe espace bi dafa am planu seetu ak centre inversion, di defar ay jafe-jafe ci symétrie ci position atomik yi. Ñatti position oxygen yu wuute ci wàllu kristalograafi (O1, O2, O3) am nañu ci biir structure bi, O1 ak O2 tëdd ci planu seetu yi, O3 dafay jël position general bu amul symétrie bu amul benn symétrie.

Ci biir xol bu oliwiine bi mooy tetrahedron bu SiO‐⁴⁴€. Tetrahedra yooyu dañuy moom seen bopp {1}i duñu bokk atom oxygen ak tetrahedra dekkandoo, di xaaj oliveine ni ab nesosi bu am njariñ wala orthositrate. Si{3}}O dafay natt luy tollu ci 1.63-1.66 Å te dafay wane personage covalent bu dëgër.

Tetrahedra bi dafay wuute ci wàllu jubluwaay, di joxoñ ak wàcci ci ligne paralel ak c{0}axile kristalographique. Coppite yooyu dañuy defar chaine yi ci biir structure bi, fu sition yi mëna dëkk. Silicon ion bi dafay nekk benn sit bu wuute ci kristalograafi bu toog ci kaw plan seetu, loolu dafay tekki ni bépp atom silicon ci structure bi dañu jëm ci symétrie.

Cision yi (ci anam wu bari Mg2 ⁺ wala Fe2⁺) ñaari sit octhedrate yu wuute dañu bind M1 ak M2. Sit M1 mingi toog ci biir benn santu inversion, dafay nekk ectathedron bu gëna tasaaroo, am 6 atom yu ko wër. Metal {(4}} guddaayu lëkkaloo ci M1 mingi tollu ci diggante 2.07{;13 Å ngir magnesium. Sit M2 mingi nekk ci planu seetu, te dafay defar octahedron bu gëna yaatu, di gëna bari MO, muy 2.04-2.21 Å.

wuute gi am ci diggante M1 ak M2 sit yi amna njeexital yu am solo ci ni yeneen cation di séddalee seen bopp ci structure bi. Ci magnesium-iron solution solution bu dëgër, Mg2⁺ ak Fe2⁺ dañuy wane tuuti tànneef ci sit { {4}both occupy M1 ak M2 amul tànneef bu dëgër. Waaye, ci kalsium{{8} olivines yu melni monticellite (CaMgSiO₄), Ca2₺ ion bu gëna mag bi gëna am solo mooy dugg ci sit M2 yu gëna yaatu yi, Mg2 bi gëna ndaw.

olivine crystal structure

Benn anam buñu mëna fësale xeetu oxygen bi dafay fësal sublattice oxygen bi. Anion oxygen yi dañuy forme lu tollu ci hexagonal-packed (hcp) array buñ takk ci a {2}ks. Kadar bii dafay joxe scaffolding bi silisiom ak sition ci biir metal.

Ci biir oxygen hcp bi, cation metal yi dañuy feesal genn-wàllu oktathedral bi am, ci jamono ji atom silicon yi di jël benn---- elighth bu amul benn terrohedral. Bii sit tànneef ci sit bi dafay sos statometry oliwine bu M€ M₂SiO₄, muy barab bi M di wane ay xeeti metal.

Atom oxygen bu nekk dafay lëkkaloo ak benn silicon ak ñatti atom metal, defar ñatti-dimensionel. Atom oxygen yi duñu méngoo { {2} 3 position oxygen yu wuute (O1, O2, O3) amnañu ay anam yu wuute tuuti ak distance yi ci atom yi ci wetam. Coppite yi am ci barabi oxygen yi dañu bokk ci jafe-jafe yi ci structure bi, ba noppi dafay indi jafe-jafe ci màndarga yi ci wàllu termik, lu ci melni yaatuwaayu tàngoor wi.

Layers de- séddoo octahraling octahraling dafay yaatu ci plan (100), cross{2} SiO₄ tetrahedra biñ tànn. Màndarga boobu dafay nekk lu am solo ci wàllu stress biñ def, ndax dafay defar ay avion yu mëna indi jafe-jafe ci wàllu mekanik ak sismiku sismik ci suuf si.

Jariñu kristal Olivinne dafay ànd ak pexe mu wéy di am ci diggante magnesium bi {0}namember forsterite (MgSiOSiO€) ak fer bi fer final (1}member fayalite (Fe€). Li gëna am solo mooy Mg2 Á (radius ionic ~ 0.72 Å) ak Fe2 ⁺ (radius ionic ~0.77 Å) ci dayo bi ci 7%, loolu mooy tax ñu mëna wecci bu baax te duñu yàq structure kristal bi.

Komand yi dañu leen di fësal ni pursàntaasu molar, lu ci melni Fo₇₃₃₃₃ (wala Fo₇ ₇ ₇‐), loolu dafay wane 70% ci mbëj ak 30% fayalite. olivines natureel yi bawoo ci xeer yu mag yi dañuy tàmbalee ci Fo₅₅metr ba Fo₉ , waaye olivine yi gëna mag ñooy gëna magnesian, ak composition yu wër Fo₇ T ₂.

Parametru latti yi dañuy gëna yokk li ñuy woowe fer. Ni Fe2⁺ di wecci Mg2⁺, selul bi dafay yaatu ndax dayo wen wu gëna mag dafay gëna xëcc atom yi gëna sori. Relasioŋ boobu mën nañu ko wax ni mën nañu jëfandikoo màndarga selul yu benn ngir mëna xam ni oliveine bi di doxee ci anam wu jaar yoon.

Lu weesu li gëna mag ci Mg{-Fe, structure olive mën na boole yeneen cation yu ndaw. Calcium dafay dugg ci structure bi ci diir bu gàtt, moo gëna bëgg sit M2 bi. Manganese (ci tephroite, Mn₂SiO₄) mën nañu wecci magnesium wala wen. Nickel, chromium, ba ci fermu ferric (Fe31) mën nañu wecci ci barab yu octahedral, waaye ci wàll yu ndaw.

Olivine structure dafay wéy di nekk ci anam wu amul benn werante. Bu xóotaayu suuf gi di yokk ci kaw suuf, oliveine bi dafay nekk lu amul benn njariñ, ba noppi di soppi nekk polymorph yu dëgër yu am xeetu kristal yu wuute.

Ci diggante 410 km ci xóotaayu 410 km (ñu koy méngale ak pression yi ci 14 GPa), oliwigine dafay jaar ci fase exothermique ci wadsleyite. Coppite bii dafay amaale ab jëmmal bu am solo ci structure bi, di barab bi sublattice oxygen bi di joge ci hexagonal- nga dem ci anam wu gëna am solo. Wadsleyite dafay tëye symétrie orthorhombi, waaye dafay jël benn xeetu spinel{- mu nuru, ak yenn atom silicon ci koordinate octahedral.

Deeper ci manteau bu suuf si, ci xóotaayu 520 km (18-20 GPa), wadsleyite dafa soppi dem ci boisite, mu jël benn structure spinel bu sib. Ci biir ringwoodite, silicon bi nekk ci oktahedral yi, du barab tetrahedral. Yooyu jaar-jaar dañuy waral dëgëraay bi ci biir bi dafay yokk ni sisismologist yi di gisee ni jafe-jafe yi am ci gaawaayu vague sismik yi.

Pression bi nga xamni li ngay def mingi aju ci tàngoor wi ak ci defar bi. Iron {1}rich oliwine dafay soppi pression yu gëna suufe ci magnesium { 2}rich. Ci 800 degre, forsterite bu sell dafay soppi def wadsleyite ci 11.8 GPa, ci noonu la wadsleyite {6}to-to- ci kaw 14 GPa. wen {(10}}member fayalite dafay teg structure wadsleyite bi yépp, ba noppi di soppeeku ci héronite (iron {1111} di ring boisite ring bois) ci pression yu gëna suufe.

olivine crystal structure

Jumtukaayu oliwiin bi dafay tontu anisotropie ci presioŋ biñ def {- ay yoon yu bari kristalograafi yu wuute. M2 octahedron dafay gëna yombal M1 octahedron ci composition yépp, daale ko ci forsterite ba fayalite. Kompresioŋ bu wuute bi dafay am ndax sit M2 amna volume bu gëna mag te gëna yomba jëfandikoo ci configuration lëkkaloo bi.

Benn jàngat ci diffraction 8 GPa, dafay wane ni M2{7}O lëkkaloo bi dafay gëna gaaw ci M1-O ci biir pression bi. M1 octahedron dafay gëna néew luñu ko mëna kompresse ak limu wen, te loolu dafay waral modulu bu gëna bari (bañ bu ëpp doole ci compression) ngir yokk tuuti ci forsterite dem ba ci fayalite-an njëkka am ndax fer bi moo gëna diis magnesium.

Tamperatiir bi dafay indi jafe-jafe ci structure bi ci anam wu wuute. Tàngoor wi dafay tax selil bi di gëna yaatu, ak b{1}axaxon biy wane koeffisien biy yokk tàngoor wi. Njàngat yu bari ci wàllu température ci kaw 900 degre dañu wane ni M{ {5}O yi dañuy yokk ci anam wu sistematik, waaye topoloji structurel bi gëna am solo bi dafay wéy di nekk ba tàngooru seey.

Tetrahedra SiO₄ dafay wane bu baax bu baax suñu ko méngale ak wen- octatathdra. Si { {2} }O yi dañuy soppiku bu baax ak pression wala tàngoor ndax màndarga covalent bu dëgër bi Si{3}O yi. Li gëna bari ci li ñuy woowe flexibilite ci structure bi mingi aju ci coppite yi am ci M{5}O ci guddaayi lëkkaloo yi ak angle yi am ci diggante polyhedra moo gëna bari ci polyhedra bi ci seen bopp.

Kadre structurel bi dafay wane ni ñuy jëfandikoo xarala yu bees yi cibatëri fosfat fer litium(LiFePOPOB wala LFP). Ñu ngi ko gis ni xeetu katode ci 1996, phosphate fer lithium dafa jël xeetu oliwiine bu am solo bi ci oliwiine mineral bi, waaye ak kuréel phosphate yi ñuy wecci tetrahedra yu wuute yi.

Ci LiFePO₄, structure bi dafay tëye symétrie orthrohombic (grup espace Pnma/Pbnm) ak ay parametru lattice a {0} Å Å, b {1} Å Å, ak c= 4.693 Å. Atom yi ci oktahedral yi (ñu defar FeO₆ octahedra), ci noonu atom phosphore yi dañuy toog ci barab yu tetrahedral (ñu defar PO2 tetrahedra), analogous ci ni atomu metal ak silicon yi di amalee ci oliwine.

Difference bi gëna mag mingi aju ci yeneen litium ci biir. ion litium ñu ngi dëkk ci chaine octahedral yi ci biir structure bi, ñu defaree ko ci anamu zigzag. Bu batëri bi di sarse ak discharge, mën nañu dindi ion litium yi ci anam wu gaaw ba noppi dugal ko ci chaine yooyu te duñu boole kaadar olivine bu njëkk bi. wen wi dafay jaar ci welo redox diggante Fe2⁺ ak Fe3⁺ ngir mëna am sarème charge bi lithium bi di dem ak ci biti.

Bii stabilite { 0}} dafa bawoo ci architecture oliveine bu dëgër {i {1}give LiFePO2€ batteries kaaraange yu amul fenn ak dundu cycle bu gudd. Li gëna am solo ci P{3}O covalent yi ci biir phosphate resist resist resist resist bi, dafay tere reactions termik yi di sonal yeneen lithium-ion batëri chimie. Batëri LFP yi mën nañu am lu ëpp 3,000 charge- discharges ci diir bi ñuy tëye kàttan.

Jariñu oliwiin bi dafay indi benn gàttal: ion lithium ion yi dañu wara wuute ci benn {-dimensioneel ci wetu axes kristalograafi, du dem ci ñetti dimension. Loolu dafay tënk doxalinu ionic ak kàttanu tolluwaayu. Gëstukat yi dañuy wax ci loolu jaaraleko ci nanostructuration (di wàññi dayo particule ngir wàññi yooni diffusion yi) ak coating carbone (di gëna yokk doxalinu elektronik). Version yuñ soppali yu melni fosfat fer fer ci litium manganese (LMFP) dañuy tëye structure oliveine bi, ci noonu lañuy wecci mannganese ngir gëna yokk voltage bi ñuy jëfandikoo.

Xam-xam bu bees bi ci structure oliwine mingi aju ci pexe diffraction ci X{0}ray. William Lawrence Bragg ak GB Brown ñoo njëkka xam xeetu kristal bu njëkk ci 1926 ci jëfandikoo pexe kristalografie X{5} yu njëkk ya. Seen liggéey dafa taxawal oliwine ci SiO₄ tetrahedra-a gis-gis bu am solo ci mineralogy silicate.

Benn xeetu-crystal X{1}y diffraction mingi wéy di nekk standard bu am solo ngir xam-xam bu jaar yoon. Benn kristal bu ndaw (ci anam wu bari 0.1{4}} 0.5 mm) dañu ko monte ci goniomètre ba noppi ñu wëlbati ci rayon X. Modèle diffraction bi ciy génn dafa am ay junni reflexion yu benn-benn, bu nekk di wane xeetu planu kristalograafi yu wuute. Losisiel yu xarañ yi ñooy gëna baaxal position atomik yi, parametru tàngoor yi, ak barab yi ñuy jëfandikoo ngir mëna méngoo ak jafe-jafe yi ci diffraction bi ñuy gis.

Diffraction neutron dafay joxe leeral yuy mottali, rawatina lu am solo ci atom hydrogène yi (ci biir hydrous) ak wuutale diggante élément yi am lim yu melni magnesium ak aluminium. Jàngat neutron yi dañu soxla kristal yu gëna mag ak barab yuñ jagleel neutron, waaye dañuy joxe njubte bu gëna mag ngir mëna tànn xeetu magnetik ak yenn position yu leer.

Microscopy electron biy dem ci transmisioŋ (TEM) dafay jàngat structure oliwine ci nanoscale, wane ay jafe-jafe, ay pexe domen, ak coppite yi am ci dëkk bi ci anam yu wuute. High{1}} TEM mën na nataal kolon atomik atomik, di xool bu baax ni atom yi di doxee. Loolu dafay gëna am solo sooy jàngat misaal yu deforme wala coppite ci fase, fu structure bi di wuute ci diggante yu ndaw yi.

Raman ak spectroscopie spectroscopie infrarouges ci anam vibration. SiO₄ tetrahedron amna ñeenti anam yu am solo, te seen frequence mingi aju ci Si{1}O ci lëkkaloo ak environmaa bi ko wër. Composition dafay indi jafe-jafe ci yii frequency vibration ci anam wu ñu mëna seentu { {3} forsterit dafay wane ay piik yu wuute yu wuute ak fayalite ndax Fe{4}O obligation yi ñoo gëna néew doole Mg{- O bon. Pexem spectroscopic yooyu dañuy liggéey ci {{7} yow, te mën nañu màndargaal misaal yu ndaw wala bokk.

Xeetu kristalograafi dafay saytu màndarga yi oliveine mëna gis. Mineral bi dafay feeñ olive -green ndax ion Fe2⁺ yi ci koordinaasioŋ oktathedral dafay xëcci leeralu onde yi ci guddaayu onde yi, di joxe wert. Forchet bu sell amul melo ngir gëna lewet-green, waaye iron-rich composition yi dañuy feeñ ci wert bu gëna ñuul ba maronish{5}}black.

Oliwine dafay wane fracture conchoïde bi moo gën ñu koy teg ndax ñatti-dimensional ci kaadar tetrahedra buñ tàqale ci octhadera dafay defar ay lëkkaloo yu am doole ci bépp wàll. Amul benn planu ñakk bu am ci structure bi méngoo ak structure yi ci mic yi wala ci sindaxu couche. Su oliveine di tass, dafay jaxasoo ci biir structure bi, moo gën ñu xaaj ci plan kristalographique.

Symétrie orthorhombic dafay sos màndarga anisotropic { 0}} màndarga yi dañuy wuute ak wàllu kristalograafi. Gaawaayu vague sismik yi wuute nañu ci wàllu tasaaroo ci axes kristal yi. Fi ñuy wane gaawaay bu gaaw bi mingi méngoo ak a {3}axaxon, gaawaay bu yam ci c{4}axi, ak gaawaay bu yeex ci b{5}axioŋ. anisotropy sismik bii ci oliwine mantle dafay jàppale geophysicien yi ñu mëna tekki yoon wi ak magnitude bu mantle bi.

Xaral (6.5{3} 7 ci kaw modd) ak densité (3.27{{5} 3.37 g/cm3 ngir forsterite, 4.39 g/cm3 ngir fayalite) ñoom ñaar ñépp a ngi aju ci emballage bu dëgër bi ci structure bi ak dooley lëkkaloo meta-oxygen. Kadre oxygen bu dëgër bi ak diggante oxygen yu gëna gàtt ci biir structure oliwiine dafay defar ab mineraal bu dëgër, dëgër ci klimaa bi ci anam wu xóot ci kaw suuf si.

olivine crystal structure

Kristal yu dëggu yi dañu am jafe-jafe yu am solo yu am njeexital ci seen doxalin. Fiir yu am solo ñooy vacancien yi (atom yu néew), interstitiel yi (atom yu extratra yi dañu leen boole ci position yu amul benn njariñ), ak ay jafe-jafe yu wuute (atom yu baaxul ci sit yu baax yi). Fiir yooyu, mën nañu ni, limu diffusion yi ak yoon yi ñuy doxalee ci wàllu kuuraŋ, dañu leen di def ngir ñu mëna yëngu ci wàllu ionic.

Dislocation { 0}} ay jafe-jafe yu am ci diggante kristalograafi bu yàgg bi dafay wàcci-look yi oliveine oliveine. Creep (feexu liiñ yooyu ci biir kristal bi) dafay màndargaal mekanisme deformation bu mag ci oliwiine mantle bi ci jamonoy geologie. Sistemu slip yi (planu crystalografik ak yoon yi ñuy jaar ngir dislocation de dislocation) dañuy wane ni pepp oliwiine yi di gaawa jeex, ba noppi ñu defar ay jubluwaayu kristalograafi.

Dexu yu bari yu melni ay peggu pepp ak ay pegg dañuy sos interface yu structure kristal bi di joge ci benn jubluwaay ci beneen. Frontier yooyu dañuy indi jafe-jafe ci dooley mekanik bi, ba noppi di joxe yoon yu gaaw ngir soppi chimik yi. Foundaraire yu suufe {{2}low{3} {3} ngëneel yu boole ay xeeti dislocation-developpe ci oliwil bu deformaasioŋ bi, ba noppi bind jaar-jaaru deformation bi.

Ci kaw suuf si ci kaw suuf si, oliwine dafay gaawa jeex doonte dafa am doole. Molecules ndox mën nañu dugg ci ay jafe-jafe ak ay peggu pepp, di mëna jëflante ak kaadar oliveine bi. Produit bi gëna bari luñu koy soppi mooy jañ, ñu defar ko su molecule ndox yi duggee ci structure bi: 2Mg‐SiO₂SiO€+ 3H € 1O € → Mg→ Mg→ Mg→ Mg(OH) ₄ + Mg(OH) Reaction bii dafay yokk volume bi njëkk ci 30-40% ba noppi yàq structure oliveine bi njëkk, ñu koy wecci ak ay tóor-tóor.

Yeneen produit yuñ soppi bokkunaci iddingsit ({0}} njaxasu oxide fer ak ay mineroo ban) ak bowlingite ((1}i pacient). Coppite yooyu dañuy gëna gaaw ci wàllu xar-xar yi ak cadre kristal yi, fu ndox mi mëna jëfandikoo structure bi ci anam wu yomb. Toppatoo pseudomorphic bu matt mën na am, fu soppi mbir yi ñuy soppi ci forme kristal bi ci biir, fekk structure bi ci biir dafay soppi lépp ci ay mineroo.

Lan moo waral xeetu oliwine bi wuute ak yeneen mineraal yu wuute?

Oliviin amna SiO₄ tetrahedra bu amul benn atom oxygen, di fësal ko ni ab nesosi. Loolu dafay wuute ak sindaar yi ci chaîne (lu melni piroxen), silicate (lu melni mikro), ak silicate yi (lu melni quartz) fu oxygen trapedra di bokk oxygen yu yaatu. Tetrahedra biñ tàqale dafay defar reso bu dëgër bu ñetti-dimensioneel, boole ci lëkkaloo lëkkaloo ak metal {3}oxygen.

Lu tax oliwiine am ñaari barab yu wuute (M1 ak M2)?

Symétrie orthorhombiik bi ak xeetu ëmbu oxygen yi ci atomu oxygen yi dañu defar ñaari position octahedral yu wuute ci anam wu wuute ak dayo ak distorsion. M1 mingi toog ci santu inversion bi, di gëna néew luñu koy yàq, waaye M2 mingi tëdd ci kaw avion, te dafa gëna rëy te gëna bari. wuute gii dafay indi jafe-jafe ci ban sit moo gëna bëgg sit yi ak ci wàllu physique materiel bi.

Naka la composition di amee ci structure kristal olivine?

Bi ñuy wecci wen ngir magnesium ci forsterite {- yu mag yi, selul bi dafay yaatu ci anam wu wuute ndax Fe2⁺ dafa gëna rëy Mg2. Topologie structurel bu njëkk bi amul benn coppite { 2}} benn grupu espace, benn position atomik, benn koordinaasioŋ. Guddaayi fit yi dañuy yokk tuuti, waaye anam wi atom yi di demee dañuy nuru lool. Loolu dafay may solution bu mat diggante-member yi.

Ndax mën nga am oliwiine bu mëna ànd ak ndox wala yeneen mbir yu bari?

Taxawaayu oliwiine buñ tëral amul benn groupe hydroxyl wala ndoxu molekulaar. Waaye, bariwaayu hydrogen mën na boole ay jafe-jafe ci point {1}ty ci grupu OH yi ñuy wecci atom oxygen yi wala ñu dëkk ci barab yu amul benn njariñ. Yii "ndox" yii dañuy wéy di wàññeeku (ci anam wu bari<50 ppm by weight), but even trace hydrogen significantly affects electrical conductivity and diffusion rates. Water content increases with pressure, making transition zone olivine polymorphs potentially important water reservoirs in Earth's deep interior.

Jariñu kristal oliveine dafay wane màndarga yu am solo yii:

Sistemu crystal: Orthorhombie ak grupu space Pbnm (wala Pnma ci anam wu wuute)

Parametr yu mujj:

Forstreit: a ≈ 4.75 Å, b ≈ 10.20 Å, c ≈ 5.98 Å

Fayalite: a ≈ 4.82 Å, b ≈ 10.48 Å, c ≈ 6.09 Å

Tabax ay Blocks: SiO₄ tetrahedra buñ defaree ci biir metal-xygen octatackra (MO₆)

Sit yu mag: Ñaari barab yu wuute ci octahedral (M1 ak M2) yu am dayo ak distorsion yu wuute

Posisioŋ oxygen: Ñatti barab yu wuute ci oxygen ci biir asymétrique

Xeetu xam-xam: Hexagonal- ay xeetu oxygen yu am kation ci biir tetrahedral ak oktahedral

Càmba: Njariñu (orthosisiil) ndax ay tetrahedral yuñ tànn

Koordinaasioŋ: Si ci biir 4-koordnal (tetrahedral), ci biir 6-koordinaasioŋ (octahedral)

Kadar structurel bii dafay wane bu baax, am stabilite ci diggante composition yu yaatu ci environmaa geological, ci noonu lañuy joxe fondaasioŋ ngir jumtukaayi batëri yu xarañ yi ci jëfandikoo xarala yu bees yi. Li ñuy boole ci tabax bu am solo bi ci Si{1}O lëkkaloo ak metal {2}ygen, loolu moo tax mu nekk benn ci jumtukaayi mineraal yi gëna am solo ci suuf si.