Lan mooy màndarga Lithium- Batëri yi?
Doxal ak doole ci wàllu kuuraŋ ci Lithium {0} ion yi
Ci diiru charge { é- dafay dindi reaction lithium {(1}} ion, macceer yi am ci electrode positif yi ak negatif yi dañuy am lithium {2}on intercalation/detercalation, fekk electrolyte ak yeneen mbir duñu lekk. Kon, potentiel bi mën nekk ci ion electrode positif ak negatif yi dañuy boole/defar ion litium lithium dafay wane ubbikug- voltage circuit ci batëri bi, ak bariwaayu ion lithium yi ñuy boole/deñoo dindi mën-mën bi dafay wane ni mbir yi di doxee. Lithium {6}> defarkati batëri batëri ak lithium-i furnisër batëri dañuy aju ci màndarga yi ñuy jëfandikoo ngir mëna defar ay produit yu dëgër ak produit yu méngoo.
Ci electrode negatif bi, reaction bi dafay am ci equation (1.2). Per mole de karbon (12g), mën nañu boole 1/6 mol ion litium. Kon, kàttanu teori bu am solo bi ci wàllu electrode négatif mooy
1/6(mol) ×9485 (mujjentalu bis bi, C/mol)/12(g) {4(4) ).
Ci jëfandikoo bis bu nekk, soo xoolee ni lithium bi ñàkkee ndax dafay boole ak defar filmu interfse electrolyte bu dëgër (SEI), kàttan biñ mëna am ci macceer karbon yi mooy 300-345 mAsh/g. Litium {- ion yi ñuy jaay batëri yi dañuy def niveau boobu ci formulaasioŋ graphite biñ gëna defar ak ci anam wu jaar yoon.
Ci wàllu electrode positif, kàttanam mingi aju ci bariwaayu ion lithium yi ñu mëna génne/ñu dugal ko. Soo jëlee LioOs ci misaal, ba 1 mol ion litium ci ion litium bu nekk ci LiCoO€ mën na bokk ci reaction bi. Kon, kàttanu xam-xam bi am ci LiCoO€ (masse moleculaire buy wax 97.86)
1(mol) ×964 (C/mol)/97.86(g) {3.3.
Ci jëf, ngir mëna tëye stabilite kristal bu LiCoO ₂, lu ëpp 30% ba 60% ci ion litium yi bokk nañu ci reaction bi. Kon, mën-mën bi gëna am solo ci LioO₂ mooy 137-164 mAsh/g. Litium- i batëri OEM batëri yi ñooy yor xóotaayu sarse bi ak decharge ci BMS bu xarañ ngir mëna dundu ci cycle bi, ci noonu lañuy fexe am kaaraange.
Ngir phosphate fer litium, 1 mol ion litium ci mole phosphate fer litium mën na bokk ci reaction bi. Kon, mën-mënu xam-xam bi am ci wàllu xam-xam ci wàllu phosphate fer litium (masse moleculaire buy gëna am 157.8)
1(mol) ×9646(C/mol)/157.8(g)) {3.8(g)=611.44C/g{4}}(4)
Ci nature bi, mën-mën redox biñ gëna xam ci Li/Li⁺ mooy gëna suufe, yegg ci-3.04 V (vs. electrode hydrogène buñ miin). Ci wàllu electrode yu baaxul ci karbon, mën nañu ni lithium-ion ak dugal lithium-ion mingi ci wetu Li/Li⁺ bi. Buñu sukkandikoo ci teori electrochimique, ci tàngooru néeg, mën nañu am electrode E ci electrode bu baaxul ci karbon bi
E { 0}} E degree+ 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺)/C(Li,C(Li,C₆)] (1.8)
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Ediption - kàttan electrode standard;
C(Li⁺) - ion lithium ions ci solution electrolyte bi;
C(Li,C₆) {- ion litium ion lithium ci karbon bu negatif bi.
Su concentration ion lithium bi ci biir solution bi ak ci biir carbone negatif bi jege nañu, mën nañu ni electrode bi ci electrode negatif bi dafay méngoo ak li ñuy gëna xam ci E E . Daanaka, concentration ion litium bi ci biir electrolyte bi dafa am, kon coppite yi am ci concentration ion lithium ci karbon bu negatif dina waral coppite yi am ci kàttanu electrode negatif yi. Fimna nii amul benn anam bu ñépp mëna xayma ngir xayma kàttan gi gëna jubal ci Li/C₆ ak valeur x yu bari. Ñu ngi koy saytu ci anam wu ñuy jàngat. Jàngat yi dañu wane ni mën mën delithite bu grafite- yi dañuy wuute ci diggante 0-0.4 V (vs. Li/Li/Li⁺), loolu moo leen taxa gëna baax ci wàllu electrode. Figure 1.2 dafay wane charge - discharges discharges ci benn electrode graphite bu grafite.
Ci LioO₂ bi ci wàllu electrode positif, litium bi dafay jaxasoo/dekriir bi dafay nekk benn-. Bi concentration ion lithium bi di doxee ci coppite yi ci electrode positif yi, mën nañu soppi electrode positif bi itam. Bu ñu sukkandikoo ci concentration ion litium bi ci electrolyte bi 1 mol/L, ngir reaction bi ci Equation (1.1), electrode electrode positif E mooy
E { 0}} E degree+ 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺,CoO‐)/C(LiCoO2)] (1.9)
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Ediption - kàttan electrode standard;
C(LiCoO€) - concentration LiCoO⁄2 ci macceer electrode positif bi;
C(Li⁺, CoO₂) {- Li⁺ ak CoO€ ci wàllu electrode positif;
Ni ñuy jëlee ion litium yi, mën nañu ni mën nañu wàññi electrode bi.
charge { 0}} discharge bi ñuy jëfandikoo ci phosphate fer litium mooy soppi phosphate fer litium ba ci fosfat fer ginaaw bi deliti.
Reaction bi am ci electrode fer fer litium
LiFePO₄ FePO2₄ + Li.
Lithium {-on intercalation/detercalation mooy ñaari- ñaari reaction. Kon coppite yi am ci concentration ion litium ci wàllu electrode positif du indi jafe-jafe ci coppite yi mëna am ci electrode positif bi. Pottitaanu equilibre bi mooy
E=E degree+ 0.02567 · el [C(FePO)/C(FePO)/C(LiFePO)
Konsantration solid yu sell yi mooy 1. Buñu sukkandikoo ci parametre thermodynamic yi, potentiel equilibrium bi mooy 3.4 V.
sarse - discharged courbes bu phosphate fer lithium fer, ñu ngi ko wane ci nataal 1.3.
Màndarga yi am solo ci Lithium {0} batëri yu ndaw
Buñu ko méngale ak yeneen batëri, lithium-u batëri yi am màndarga yii ñu bind ci litium {1}réy batëri ak kiliyaani usine yi:
Densité energie bu bari.Densité energie bu litium -u batëri yi dañuy yegg 100 Whh/kg ak 200 Whh/L wala lu ëpp. Lithode cathode cathode- ay batëri yu bari am nañu energie bu bari bu 200 Whh/kg. Jëfandikoo silicon-nickel- ay macceer anode ak lithium-rich katod, energie masse bi ñu ngi koy seentu mu yegg ci 400 Wh/kg ak densité energie volumetric 900 Wh/L, fu sori lool ci batëri cosaan. Kon, litium {13} ion ñu ngi koy jëfandikoo bu bari ci produit elektronik yu portabal ak oto kuuraŋ.
Wàññiku bu baax- voltage circuit.Rëyaayu jëfandikoo solvant organik organik, benn- voltage bi yegg na 3.6-3.8 V, muy 2–3 yoon ci nickel{6}}metal hydride wala nuckel-cadmium. Materiaal yu am doole- macceer cathode cathode mën na yokk voltage biy doxal benn selil ba 4.5–5 V, muy benn ci sabab yu am solo yi waral densité energie bu bari bi ci lithium- ngëneel.
Mën nañu am charge ak decharge bu bari { {0}at ak decharge.Ci misaal, lépp {0} Lusolid {1} Lu lithium-ion jëfandikoo electrolyte polymer mën nañu def limu decharge yi ci kaw 10C ak kaaraange bu baax; litium -ion batëri yu jëfandikoo fosfaat fer litium ndax cathode bi mën na am 100C decharge.
- dischargement.Ci tàngooru néeg, weer wu nekk- discharge bi discharge batëri lithium {1}ion yi dañu gëna néew 10%, gëna néew nikel- batteries hydrade (15%) ak genn-wàllu batëri nuckel-cadmium.- discharged discharge de phosphate fer fer litium 3% ci 3%.
Kontaan naa ci environmaa bi,amul benn plomb, cadmium, mercure, wala yeneen mbir yu mëna lore, te du yàq environmaa bi.
Amul benn effet memory.Efe fàttaliku dafay wax ci mbir mi, fu kàttanu batëri bi di wàññeeku suñu ko sarsee balaa ñu koy génne lépp wala ñu jëfandikoo ko balaa ñuy sarse lépp (feek fàttaliku memory bi du yàqu). Lithium {1}> batëri amul benn njeexital ci memër.
Kaaraange bu baax.Lithium-u batëri dañuy faral di jëfandikoo macceer carbone ni electrode négatif, bi am potentiel electrode ci wetu litium metalik bi. ion litium mën nañu ko boole ci karbon, di wàññi bu baax probabilite ci deposit metal lithium, ba noppi gëna baaxal kaaraange batëri bi. Ci at yii ñu weesu, xal-retardant yokk, xal-retardant separatër, aparey PTC (koefficient tàngoor bu dëgër), explosion- valve, sistem jëfandikoo batëri, ak yeneen xarala yi dañu fexe am kaaraange bu bari ci lithium {6}on batëri.
Dund gu yàgg.Dundug cycle bu litium {- batëri yi dañu ëpp 500 cycle. Dundug cycle u batëri phosphate fer litium 2000 ba 3000 cycle. Suñu ko méngale ak sistemu macceer anode yu am kàttan cycle bu kawe (lu melni titanate lithium), lu ëpp 10,000 cycle mën nañu ko am. Loolu mooy tax fosfat fer fer fer bi mooy tànneef bi gëna baax ci sistemu batëri yiy denc energie ak ay projet ESS yu mag.
